Fransa\u2019n\u0131n 65 y\u0131l \u00f6nce Madagaskar\u2019dan \u00e7ekilmesine ra\u011fmen iki \u00fclke aras\u0131ndaki ili\u015fkiler halen s\u00f6m\u00fcrge ge\u00e7mi\u015fi ve darbelerin g\u00f6lgesinde \u015fekilleniyor.
Tarihi ba\u011flar\u0131n yan\u0131 s\u0131ra g\u00fcncel jeopolitik, ekonomik ve hukuki anla\u015fmazl\u0131klar, Fransa-Madagaskar ili\u015fkilerinin karma\u015f\u0131k yap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fcyor. \u00d6zellikle Hint Okyanusu\u2019ndaki stratejik adalar, ekonomik yat\u0131r\u0131mlar ve g\u00f6\u00e7 politikalar\u0131 iki taraf aras\u0131ndaki g\u00fcndemin ba\u015fl\u0131ca unsurlar\u0131n\u0131 olu\u015fturuyor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Frans\u0131z askeri g\u00fc\u00e7leri, 1890\u2019lar\u0131n ortas\u0131nda Madagaskar\u2019a y\u00f6neldi. “Franco-Hova Sava\u015flar\u0131” olarak an\u0131lan 1883-1895 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131ndaki iki b\u00fcy\u00fck i\u015fgal m\u00fcdahalesi sonucunda ada 1896\u2019da fiilen Frans\u0131z s\u00f6m\u00fcrgesi haline geldi ve Madagaskar, 1960’a kadar Frans\u0131z y\u00f6netimi alt\u0131nda kald\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
General Joseph Simon Gallieni komutas\u0131ndaki Frans\u0131z g\u00fc\u00e7leri, 1897\u2019de d\u00fczenlenen sald\u0131r\u0131yla Madagaskar\u2019daki mevcut monar\u015fi ve yerel siyasi yap\u0131y\u0131 \u00e7\u00f6kertti, b\u00f6ylece adada s\u00f6m\u00fcrge y\u00f6netimi resmen ilan edildi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Sakalava Kral\u0131 Toera\u2019n\u0131n ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131 koruma ve yabanc\u0131 egemenli\u011fine kar\u015f\u0131 direni\u015f giri\u015fimleri, binlerce Malga\u015f\u2019\u0131n hayat\u0131n\u0131 kaybetmesiyle sonu\u00e7land\u0131. Kral Toera 1897\u2019de Frans\u0131z askerlerince kafas\u0131 kesilerek idam edildi, ayn\u0131 y\u0131l Merina Hanedan\u0131\u2019n\u0131n son h\u00fck\u00fcmdar\u0131 III. Ranavalona da s\u00fcrg\u00fcne g\u00f6nderildi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
S\u00f6m\u00fcrge bask\u0131lar\u0131na ra\u011fmen Malga\u015f halk\u0131 direni\u015fini s\u00fcrd\u00fcrd\u00fc. Antananarivo\u2019daki entelekt\u00fceller, 1913\u2019te ulusal kimli\u011fi savunmak amac\u0131yla gizli \u00f6rg\u00fctler kurdu. Birinci D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131\u2019nda cepheye g\u00f6nderilen Malga\u015f askerlerin deneyimleri, ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131k d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesini g\u00fc\u00e7lendirdi. 1920\u2019lerde Jean Ralaimongo gibi \u00f6nc\u00fc isimler, Malga\u015f i\u015f\u00e7ilerin e\u015fit haklar ve yurtta\u015fl\u0131k taleplerini g\u00fcndeme ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Malga\u015f milliyet\u00e7ileri 29 Mart 1947\u2019de Frans\u0131z y\u00f6netimine kar\u015f\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fck bir ayaklanma ba\u015flatt\u0131. K\u0131sa s\u00fcrede adan\u0131n \u00fc\u00e7te birine yay\u0131lan ayaklanma, Frans\u0131z g\u00fc\u00e7lerinin sert m\u00fcdahalesiyle bast\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131. Olaylarda on binlerce Malga\u015f ya\u015fam\u0131n\u0131 yitirdi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
1956\u2019da \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lan Loi-cadre yasas\u0131yla Malga\u015flara evrensel oy hakk\u0131 tan\u0131nd\u0131. Bu geli\u015fme, \u00fclkede siyasi hareketlili\u011fi art\u0131rarak ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131k s\u00fcrecinin \u00f6n\u00fcn\u00fc a\u00e7t\u0131. Toplumun bir kesimi Fransa ile yak\u0131n ili\u015fkilerin s\u00fcrmesini savunurken, ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131k yanl\u0131s\u0131 hareketler giderek g\u00fc\u00e7 kazand\u0131. Bu m\u00fccadele 1960\u2019ta sonu\u00e7 verdi ve Madagaskar, ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ilan ederek Frans\u0131z s\u00f6m\u00fcrge y\u00f6netimini resmen sonland\u0131rd\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Fransa, resmen ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z olmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen Madagaskar\u2019daki ekonomik ve k\u00fclt\u00fcrel n\u00fcfuzunu s\u00fcrd\u00fcrerek \u00fclkenin siyaseti ve ekonomisinde etkili olmaya devam etti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Madagaskar, ulusal gurur meselesi olarak g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc Hint Okyanusu\u2019ndaki stratejik adalar\u0131n tarihsel olarak kendi topraklar\u0131 oldu\u011funu savunurken, Fransa, bu adalar \u00fczerindeki egemenli\u011finden vazge\u00e7miyor ve y\u00f6netimi elinde tutmay\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fcyor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Birle\u015fmi\u015f Milletler kararlar\u0131 Madagaskar\u2019\u0131n tezini desteklerken, Fransa adalarda kurdu\u011fu do\u011fal rezervler ve yakla\u015f\u0131k 640 bin kilometrekarelik deniz yetki alan\u0131 sayesinde b\u00f6lgedeki stratejik varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 peki\u015ftiriyor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Fransa, s\u00f6m\u00fcrge d\u00f6neminde al\u0131nan baz\u0131 eserleri ve insan kal\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 iade etmeye y\u00f6nelik ad\u0131mlar att\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
D\u00fcnya kamuoyunda, Fransa Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131 Emmanuel Macron’un baz\u0131 eserlerin iadesiyle ilgili att\u0131\u011f\u0131 ad\u0131mlar, Fransa’n\u0131n Afrika’daki imaj\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fczeltmeyi ama\u00e7layan “PR-odakl\u0131 vitrin diplomasisi” olarak nitelendirildi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Ancak Madagaskar i\u00e7in bu ad\u0131mlar, tarihi haf\u0131zay\u0131 onarma yolunda \u00f6nemli geli\u015fme olarak de\u011ferlendirildi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Madagaskar’a 1 Eyl\u00fcl\u2019de u\u00e7akla ula\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lan kafataslar\u0131, 2 Eyl\u00fcl 2025\u2019te Antananarivo\u2019daki Ulusal Kahramanlar Mozolesi’nde t\u00f6renle kar\u015f\u0131land\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Frans\u0131z ordusunun s\u00f6m\u00fcrge d\u00f6neminde i\u015fledi\u011fi katliam s\u0131ras\u0131nda \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fclen \u00fc\u00e7 ki\u015fiye ait kafataslar\u0131, Paris’teki Ulusal Do\u011fa Tarihi M\u00fczesi’nde muhafaza ediliyordu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Madagaskar\u2019da Frans\u0131zca, e\u011fitim ve resmi i\u015fleyi\u015fte halen g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc rol oynamay\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fcyor. Burs programlar\u0131 ve k\u00fclt\u00fcrel i\u015fbirlikleri de gen\u00e7 nesillerin Fransa ile ba\u011flar\u0131n\u0131 korumas\u0131na katk\u0131 sa\u011fl\u0131yor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
S\u00f6m\u00fcrge d\u00f6neminden miras kalan altyap\u0131 ve idari yap\u0131, \u00fclkenin siyasi ve ekonomik k\u0131r\u0131lganl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda etkisini halen g\u00f6steriyor. Vanilya, kobalt, nikel, grafit ve safir gibi zengin do\u011fal kaynaklara sahip olmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen halk\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fck b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc yoksullukla m\u00fccadele ediyor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Frans\u0131z yat\u0131r\u0131mlar\u0131 ve kalk\u0131nma projeleriyle iki \u00fclke ekonomik i\u015fbirli\u011fini s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fcrken, ayn\u0131 zamanda ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131l\u0131k ele\u015ftirilerini de beraberinde getiriyor.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Fransa\u2019n\u0131n 65 y\u0131l \u00f6nce Madagaskar\u2019dan \u00e7ekilmesine ra\u011fmen iki \u00fclke aras\u0131ndaki ili\u015fkiler halen s\u00f6m\u00fcrge ge\u00e7mi\u015fi ve darbelerin g\u00f6lgesinde \u015fekilleniyor.Tarihi ba\u011flar\u0131n yan\u0131 s\u0131ra g\u00fcncel jeopolitik, ekonomik ve hukuki anla\u015fmazl\u0131klar, Fransa-Madagaskar ili\u015fkilerinin karma\u015f\u0131k yap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fcyor. \u00d6zellikle Hint Okyanusu\u2019ndaki stratejik adalar, ekonomik yat\u0131r\u0131mlar ve g\u00f6\u00e7 politikalar\u0131 iki taraf aras\u0131ndaki g\u00fcndemin ba\u015fl\u0131ca unsurlar\u0131n\u0131 olu\u015fturuyor. Frans\u0131z askeri g\u00fc\u00e7leri, 1890\u2019lar\u0131n ortas\u0131nda Madagaskar\u2019a […]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":32568,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"_uf_show_specific_survey":0,"_uf_disable_surveys":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":false,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2}},"categories":[85],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-32567","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","category-dunya"],"yoast_head":"\n